API 5CT is standard technical specifications for steel casing and tubing pipes used for oil wells in petroleum and natural gas industries.
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Besides casing and tubing, it also includes pup joints, coupling stock, coupling material, and accessory materials, and establishes requirements for three product specification levels (PSL-1, PSL-2, and PSL-3). The requirements for PSL-1 are the basis of this standard.
• J55/K55
• N80/N80Q/L80
• C90
• R95/T95
• P110/C110
• Q125
API 5CT applies to the following connections which comply with API SPEC 5B:
• SC: Short round thread casing
• LC: Long round thread casing
• BC: Buttress thread casing
• NU: Non-upset tubing
• EU: External upset tubing
• IJ: Integral tubing connections
• Group 1: All casing and tubing in Grades H, J, K, N, and R
• Group 2: All casing and tubing in Grades C, L, M, and T
• Group 3: All casing and tubing in Grade P
• Group 4: All casing in Grade Q
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According to the API 5CT standard, steel material used for making the pipe billet shall undergo grain refining treatment. This steel shall contain one or more grain refining elements, such as a certain amount of aluminum, niobium, vanadium, or titanium, so that the austenite grains of the steel Grain refinement.
• Pipes supplied shall be manufactured in seamless type or EW type.
• Couplings, coupling stock, and coupling materials shall be seamless.
• Cold-drawn tubing pipe shall be properly heat treated; otherwise, it is not acceptable.
• Casing and tubing attachment materials shall be seamless pipes unless other types are stated on the order.
Heat treatment methods for API 5CT casing and tubing are a key factor to differ in each grade. Products requiring heat treatment shall be subjected to full-body and full-length heat treatment. The heat-treated upsetting product should be heat-treated in terms of its full body and full length after upsetting.
A separately heat-treated coupling blank is acceptable. If the finishing temperature is higher than the upper critical temperature of the treated steel and the pipe is air-cooled, it shall be normalized.
in the case of welding type, the weld seam shall be heat treated to a minimum temperature of 540 ℃(°F), or a certain treatment method shall be used to make the no untempered martensite structure in the weld.
Steel grade N80 type 1 products shall be normalized or normalized and tempered at the option of the manufacturer.
N80Q steel-grade products shall be quenched and tempered.
R95 steel grade shall be quenched and tempered.
When tempered at temperatures below 620 ℃(°F), grade L80 grade 13 Cr may be embrittled.
R95 casing and tubing shall not be stretched or expanded cold working after final tempering, except for cold working which is necessary for normal straightening and not more than 3% of compression cold working.
Steel grade M65 and L80 products shall not be cold worked after final heat treatment except for the cold working required for normal straightening.
C90 and T95 products can be cold-rotated straightened, but the pipe must be heated to a minimum temperature of 480 ℃(°F) degrees for stress relief after straightening. Light gag straightening for steel grade C90 and T95 products is allowed if necessary.
If necessary, the product shall be cold-rotated straightened and subsequently stress-relieved at temperatures between 30℃to 55℃ (50°F to 100 °F) below the final specified tempering temperature, or hot-rotated straightened at temperatures not more than 165℃ (300°F) below the final specified tempering temperature. If necessary, it is allowed to do light gag straightening.
Gag-press straightening or hot-rotating straightening can be performed for straightening, but the temperature at the end of the rotary straightening should not be less than 400 ℃ (750°F) (unless a higher temperature minimum is specified on the order). If the hot rotary straightening method cannot be used, the product can also be cold-rotated straightened, but the stress relief must be performed at 510 ℃ (950°F) after straightening. The product cannot be subjected to stress relief after cold rotary straightening only by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
The product shall comply with the requirements specified in the chemical composition table for the specified steel grade and type. For the C110 steel grade, the manufacturer shall report when the purchaser asks for the lowest and highest ratios of all elements intentionally added to each batch (regardless of the purpose of its addition).
The product shall meet the tensile performance requirements specified in this standard. The tensile properties of the upset casing and tubing (except for elongation) shall be consistent with the requirements of the pipe body. In case of any dispute, the properties of the upset area (except for the elongation) shall be determined by cutting the specimen from the upset.
• API 5CT Casing dimensions and weight chart
• API 5CT Tubing dimensions and weight
In the dimensional table of this standard, the pipe is named with the labels and sizes (outer diameter). The outer diameter of the external upset pipe refers to the outer diameter of the pipe body, not the outer diameter of the upset portion.
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The pipe shall be supplied by the sizes, wall thickness and tolerance masses specified in the order. Other plain end pipe sizes and wall thicknesses are available upon purchase and manufacturer agreement. Coupling stock, coupling materials, and accessory materials shall be supplied in the required size of the order or the size of the coupling material shall be as specified in the manufacturer’s internal requirements.
The accuracy of all measuring equipment used for receiving or rejecting shall be verified at least once per operating shift, apart from threaded ring gauges, plug gauges, and weighing implements.
According to the provisions of this standard, if a measuring device that is calibrated or verified is subject to abnormal or severe conditions sufficient to affect its accuracy, it should be recalibrated or reverified before further use.
The following tolerances apply to the outside diameter, D, of casing and tubing:
The following tolerances apply to the outside diameter of the pipe body immediately behind the upset for approximately 127 mm (5.0 in) for sizes Label 1: 5-1/2 and smaller, and a distance approximately equal to the outside diameter for sizes larger than Label 1: 5-1/2. Measurements shall be made with calipers or snap gauges.
Tolerance for casing and tubing wall thickness is -12.5%.
Flat-end pipe is a pipe supplied with unmachined threads, and it may be, or not be upset, in whichever case, it shall comply with all requirements of a specific steel grade in this standard.
Steel grade H40, J55, K55 or M65 casings are available in short or long threads. However, if the purchaser requests a long-threaded casing, it should be specified in the order.
The “round” or “bullet-nose” type of pipe end may be provided by the manufacturer or specified by the purchaser to replace the conventional corner breaks on the threaded ends of external upset tubing. The improved end should be rounded so that the coating is applied and the inner and outer surfaces are rounded and smooth, without sharp corners, or burrs.
Product threading, gauging practice, and thread inspection shall be in accordance with API Spec 5B. The product end shall not be hammered but may be slightly shaped to meet the requirements of thread machining. For steel grades of C90 and higher strength, such forming shall only be carried out with the consent of the purchaser.
All product ends shall be free of burrs on the inside and outside edges. And sandblasting shall be applied to both male and female threads of C110 steel grade.
1. Scope and focus:
API 5L: pipeline.
-Steel: including all kinds of steel, such as Gr. X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, X80 and so on.
-purpose: for the construction of pipelines for long-distance transportation of oil, natural gas and water.
Mainly focus on the mid-stream pipeline construction.
API 5CT: casing and tubing.
-Steel grades: specify J55, K55, N80, L80, C90, T95, p110 and other steel grades.
Application: tailor-made for casing and tubing in the upstream sector of the oil and gas industry.
Meet the needs of oil and gas well construction and completion.
2. Product type:
API 5L: pipeline.
-Type: including seamless steel pipe and welded steel pipe.
-purpose: for the construction of pipelines for the transport of hydrocarbons, providing flexibility for design and construction.
API 5CT: casing and tubing.
Type: including seamless and welded casing and tubing.
-purpose: to meet the requirements of casing and tubing used in oil and gas wells to ensure the stability and integrity of the wellbore.
3. Industry applications:
API 5L: pipeline construction.
-Industry focus: critical for the oil and gas industry, especially in the construction and maintenance of long-distance pipelines.
API 5CT: oil and gas wells.
-Industry focus: mainly serves the upstream sectors of the oil and gas industry to meet the needs of oil well construction and completion.
4. Requirement:
API 5L: mechanical and chemical properties.
Requirements: specify the mechanical and chemical properties of pipelines to ensure that they meet the standards of strength, toughness and corrosion resistance.
API 5CT: good integrity.
Requirements: focus on requirements for keeping casing and tubing in good condition, including specifications for dimensions, materials, mechanical properties and inspection procedures.
5. Grades and categories:
API 5L: graded by strength.
-level: specify a different level (for example, Gr. B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, X80) indicate different levels of strength and adaptability to specific use conditions.
API 5Ct: classes and groups.
-categories and groups: casing and tubing are divided into different categories and groups according to factors such as steel grade, heat treatment and thread connection.
6. Corrosion resistance:
API 5L: standard corrosion resistance.
Corrosion focus: provide corrosion resistance suitable for pipeline environment.
API 5CT: enhanced corrosion resistance.
Corrosion focus: emphasis on improving the corrosion resistance of casing and tubing in downhole and wellbore environments.
Although API 5L and API 5CT belong to the API standard family, they serve different purposes in the oil and gas industry.
API 5L mainly solves the construction problems of long-distance transportation pipelines and provides all kinds of steel.
On the other hand, API 5CT focuses on the casing and tubing used in oil and gas wells, emphasizing the well integrity of upstream applications.
The choice between these two specifications depends on the specific requirements of the project and the stage of the oil and gas production process.
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